Life by the Dead Sea in the Late Second Temple Period

The Dead Sea region presents a unique paradox: while geographically remote within the Judean Desert with challenging climatic conditions, it offered ideal conditions for cultivating dates and balsam (an expensive perfume), trade routes to Transjordan and beyond, and bitumen from the sea. This duality attracted both those seeking isolation—refugees, rebels, or sectarian groups (Qumran)—and thriving settlements in desert oases (En Gedi), alongside Herodian fortified palaces (Masada) guarding the kingdom's frontier.

Throughout the course we will examine diverse Dead Sea settlements during the Late Second Temple period. We will explore fortified palaces, agricultural villages and estates, communal settlements, and refuge caves from the Jewish Revolts. These sites have yielded extraordinary finds thanks to the arid climate of the region preserved organic materials rarely found elsewhere—most notably the Dead Sea Scrolls, but also textiles, wooden objects, and botanical remains—offering unprecedented insights into daily life, economy, and religious practices and beliefs before the Temple's destruction.

Introduction to the Dead Sea Region. The Dead Sea maritime activity. Hasmonean and Herodian Royal Estates – Palaces and Fortresses. Agriculture in the Dead Sea Region. Burial Practices – Cave Tombs around Ein Gedi. The Great Revolt – Masada as a Rebel Stronghold – Refuge Caves. Qumran – The Site, the Caves, the Dead Sea Scrolls. 

By analysing material culture and visiting ancient sites, students will explore archaeological and historical evidence from the Dead Sea region during the Late Second Temple period, understanding the diverse nature of Jewish society—royal elites, communal groups, agricultural villagers, and rebels.

In presence

Frontal lessons with multimedia tools.

Paper delivery.