Valproic acid-associated acute pancreatitis
systematic literature review
Additional information
Authors
Bischof M. C. M.,
Stadelmann M. I. E.,
Janett S.,
Bianchetti M.,
Camozzi P.,
Goeggel-Simonetti B.,
Lava S. A. G.,
Milani G.
Type
Journal Article
Year
2023
Language
English
Abstract
Long-term medication with valproic acid has been associated with acute pancreatitis. The purpose of this report is to gain insight into the features of this pancreatitis. A preregistered literature search (CRD42023438294) was performed on the National Library of Medicine, Excerpta Medica, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Patients with alcohol abuse disorder, gallstone disease, hypertriglyceridemia or hypercalcemia, patients with acute valproic acid intoxication, and patients with a pre-existing pancreatitis were excluded. For the final analysis, we retained 73 reports published between 1979 and 2023, which described 125 subjects (83 children and 42 adults predominantly affected by an epilepsy) with an acute pancreatitis related to valproic acid. The diagnosis was made 11 (3.0–24) months (median and interquartile range) after starting valproic acid. One hundred and five cases (84%) recovered and twenty (16%) died. Sex, age, dosage or circulating level of valproic acid, latency time, prevalence of intellectual disability, and antiepileptic co-medication were similar in cases with and without a lethal outcome. Nineteen subjects were rechallenged with valproic acid after recovery: sixteen (84%) cases developed a further episode of pancreatitis. In conclusion, pancreatitis associated with valproic acid presents at any time during treatment and has a high fatality rate.
Keywords
Acute pancreatitis, Fatality rate, Valproic acid
Journal
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Volume
12
Pages (or article number)
6044
Diffusion
License
CC BY
Visibility
Public
Status open access
Gold
