External male genitalia in Henoch–Schönlein syndrome
systematic review
Informazioni aggiuntive
Autori
Montorfani-Janett V. M. L.,
Montorfani G. E.,
Lavagno C.,
Gualco G.,
Bianchetti M.,
Milani G.,
Lava S. A. G.,
Lacalamita M. C.
Tipo
Articolo pubblicato in rivista scientifica
Anno
2022
Lingua
Inglese
Sommario
The external genitalia are notoriously implicated in every fifth male with Henoch–Schönlein syndrome. Nonetheless, the underlying conditions are poorly categorized. To characterize the involvement of the external male genitalia in this vasculitis, we performed a systematic review of the literature. For the final analysis, we selected 85 reports published between 1972 and 2022, which reported on 114 Henoch–Schönlein cases (≤ 18 years, N = 104) with a penile (N = 18), a scrotal (N = 77), or both a penile and a scrotal (N = 19) involvement. The genital involvement mostly appeared concurrently with or after the cutaneous features of Henoch–Schönlein syndrome, while it preceded the presentation of Henoch–Schönlein syndrome in 10 cases. Patients with penile involvement (N = 37) presented with swelling (N = 26), erythema (N = 23), and purpuric rash (N = 15). Most patients were otherwise asymptomatic except for transient micturition disorders (N = 2) or priapism (N = 2). Patients with scrotal involvement (N = 96) presented with pain (N = 85), swelling (N = 79), erythema (N = 42), or scrotal purpura (N = 22). The following scrotal structures were often involved: scrotal skin (N = 83), epididymis (N = 49), and testes (N = 39). An ischemic testicular damage was noted in nine patients (four with torsion and five without). The scrotal skin involvement was mostly bilateral, while that of the epididymis and testis were mostly (p < 0.0001) unilateral (with a significant predilection for the left side). In conclusion, this analysis allows for better categorization of the involvement of external male genitalia in Henoch–Schönlein vasculitis. Scrotal involvement can result from skin inflammation, epididymitis, orchitis, or testicular ischemia.
Parole chiave
Henoch–Schönlein syndrome, Immunoglobulin a purpura, Vasculitis, Scrotum, Penis, External genitalia
Periodico
Children
Volume
9
Pagine (o numero dell’articolo)
1154
Diffusione
Licenza
CC BY
Visibilità
Pubblico
Status open access
Gold
