Construction Techniques of the 20th Century

The course is structured in three modules. The first module (1) addresses issues related to changes and development of reinforced concrete structures over time; the second (2) addresses transformations in metal structures; and the third (3) addresses the evolution of environmental techniques (thermal and systems engineering). Each module presents significant buildings covering the entire 20th century, allowing students to understand not only the evolution of technologies, but also the different applications of materials, their implementation, and the organisation of construction sites (history of construction and technologies). The three-part structure of the course alternates between lectures (in italian), presentations by external guests - who are experts in the construction sector - and a series of visits to case-studies buildings. The latter, intended as an application of the knowledge acquired through the lessons, will be carried out on emblematic buildings of modern Milanese architecture (late 20th century).

The course aims to outline the critical history of 20th-century construction systems. It is organised around an in-depth examination of international built heritage, investigating its technical, material (materials and their use), construction and design aspects. The course addresses issues related to the transformation of the modern construction site as a result of industrialisation, highlighting the permanence of traditional or regional knowledge and practices. The aim is to illustrate the variety of construction practices at a global level, with case-studies ranging from America to Europe. Particular attention is also given to buildings constructed in Switzerland. Lectures are alternated and organised in parallel with thematic seminars with guest speakers. The aim is to offer specific focus on the topics discussed in class. In particular, attention is paid to current issues such as energy, changes in the use of materials and the resulting new design strategies, as well as the evolution of the concept of thermal and lighting comfort in buildings.

In presence

The course presents a variety of teaching and learning methods. 1. Lectures (in italian); 2. Seminars with guest speakers (mainly in english); 3. Case-study visits in Milan. The case-studies will be the subject of constructive analysis, which consists in the realization of a model of the selected building. Work on the model can be carried out in class during the course, with ongoing reviews of the work. The model will be the subject of discussion by each student or group of students during the final exam. The model will be also accompanied by a table illustrating the reference documentation collected during the preliminary analysis phase. Fundamental tools for understanding the building will be bibliographic study, the study of primary sources and historical archival documentation. The aim of the work is to understand the sequences of the structural-technological processes of a building, also in relation to the issues of reuse and restoration projects.

The exam consists of an oral discussion of a model of a building or part of a building studied (scale 1:20 or 1:33). The model may be made by a single student or a group of two students. The exam discussion will take place at the end of the semester. English and Italian are both accepted languages.
 

• Milano, 13.06.26 - 13.06.26 (Optional)